TRAI has come out with a study on next-generation networks (NGN). NGN will encompass about 670,000 route km of optic fibre cable (OFC) and will use internet protocol (IP) to allow convergence of voice, video and data in a unified manner for cellular and landline networks. The paper recommends introduction of a unified licensing regime to facilitate convergence of technologies and deal with issues of carriage, service and platform. Unified licensing would give an opportunity to service providers to innovate and move towards the best solution. The transition would be difficult but would bring with it benefits to consumers and the rural economy, which has a large demand for telephony, broadband and TV. As an alternative, the TRAI study has proposed introduction of a convergence act.